Analog to n-doped semiconductors, the holes are the majority charge carriers, free electrons are the minority charge carriers. Due to positive holes these semiconductors are called p-conductive or p-doped. Again, the dopant is fixed in the crystal lattice, only the positive charges can move. With the inclusion of an electron, the dopant is negatively charged, such dopants are called acceptors (acceptare, lat. The necessary energy to lift an electron into the energy level of indium as a dopant, is only 1 % of the energy which is needed to raise a valence electron of silicon into the conduction band. Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. Know everything about Antimony Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure. The holes move in the opposite direction to the movement of the electrons. It is part of group 15 (nitrogen family). Now it is possible to find the orbital notation of antimony very easily through electron configuration. The atomic number of antimony is 51, which means it has 51 electrons. Therefore the electrons in the valence band become mobile. The Aufbau principle is that the electrons present in the atom will first complete the lowest energy orbital and then gradually continue to complete the higher energy orbital. The 3-valent dopants can catch an additional outer electron, thus leaving a hole in the valence band of silicon atoms. Each Cl atom interacts with eight valence electrons total: the six in the lone pairs and the two in the single bond. What are the valence electrons for Sb The valences of antimony are +5, +3 and -3. In contrast to the free electron due to doping with phosphorus, the 3-valent dopant effect is exactly the opposite. It normally has 51 electrons, so with 52 electrons, it would be Sb with a 1- charge.
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